CCP Inc. in Malaysia How State Capitalism Supports and Constrains China’s Tech Giants AUTHORS Ethan Cramer-Flood Briana BolandDECEMBER 2022 A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies每日免费获取报告 1、每日微信群内分享7+最新重磅报告； 2、每日分享当日华尔街日报、金融时报； 3、每周分享经济学人 4、行研报告均为公开版，权利归原作者 所有，起点财经仅分发做内部学习。 扫一扫二维码 关注公号 回复：研究报告 加入“起点财经”微信群。。 CCP Inc. in Malaysia How State Capitalism Supports and Constrains China’s Tech Giants AUTHORS Ethan Cramer-Flood Briana BolandDECEMBER 2022 A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China StudiesII | CCP Inc. in Malaysia About CSIS The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit policy research organization dedicated to advancing practical ideas to address the world’s greatest challenges. Thomas J. Pritzker was named chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees in 2015, succeeding former U.S. senator Sam Nunn (D-GA). Founded in 1962, CSIS is led by John J. Hamre, who has served as president and chief executive officer since 2000. CSIS’s purpose is to define the future of national security. We are guided by a distinct set of values— nonpartisanship, independent thought, innovative thinking, cross-disciplinary scholarship, integrity and professionalism, and talent development. CSIS’s values work in concert toward the goal of making real-world impact. CSIS scholars bring their policy expertise, judgment, and robust networks to their research, analysis, and recommendations. We organize conferences, publish, lecture, and make media appearances that aim to increase the knowledge, awareness, and salience of policy issues with relevant stakeholders and the interested public. CSIS has impact when our research helps to inform the decisionmaking of key policymakers and the thinking of key influencers. We work toward a vision of a safer and more prosperous world. CSIS does not take specific policy positions; accordingly, all views expressed herein should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). © 2022 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. All rights reserved. Center for Strategic & International Studies 1616 Rhode Island Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 202-887-0200 | www.csis.orgIII | Ethan Cramer-Flood and Briana BolandAcknowledgments The authors would like to thank Jude Blanchette for making this project possible, Andrew Polk for providing valuable feedback and consultation along the way, and Barry Naughton both for his editorial role and for inspiring this chapter in the first place via his examination of Alibaba’s City Brain project in Kuala Lumpur in 2019. The authors would also like to thank the 2020 Freeman Chair research team for conducting key initial research for this report. This report was made possible through the generous support of the Smith Richardson Foundation.IV | CCP Inc. in MalaysiaContents Executive Summary 1 Introduction: CCP Inc. in the Private Sector 2 1 | CCP Inc. as an “Incubator” of National Champions 4 2 | Huawei’s and Alibaba’s Expansion in Malaysia 10 3 | The Liabilities of CCP Inc.: External Suspicion and Internal Crackdowns 19 Conclusion: What to Make of China’s Tech Story in Malaysia 25 Appendix A: A Snapshot of State Support for Huawei’s Rise 27 Appendix B: A Snapshot of Alibaba’s State Support from Central and Local Authorities 29 Appendix C: Timeline of Chinese Tech Business Deals in Malaysia 31 About the Authors 36 Endnotes 371 | Ethan Cramer-Flood and Briana Boland Executive Summary Is China’s state capitalist system a benefit or a liability for Chinese companies? This case study focuses on two of China’s most prominent tech companies, Huawei and Alibaba, for insight into how the “CCP Inc.” ecosystem of Chinese party-state actors can both support and constrain private sector firms. In Malaysia, both companies rapidly expanded their footprints throughout the 2010s, becoming deeply integrated in national telecommunications, artificial intelligence, and e-commerce infrastructure—and opening doors