Satellite Cyber Resilience WhitepaperTECHNICAL REPORT 08 Satellite Cyber Resilience Whitepape r April 2022 SmartSat Whitepaper | Satellite Cyber Resilience i Copyright © SmartSat CRC Ltd, 2022 This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth) and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. ISBN : This report should be cited as : SmartSat 2022 , Satellite Cyber Resilience Whitepaper , SmartSat, Adelaide, Australia. Disclaimer: This publication is provided for the purpose of disseminating information relating to scientific and technical matters. Participating organisations of SmartSat do not accept liability for any loss and/or damage, including financial loss, resulting from the reliance upon any information, advice or recomm endations contained in this publication. The contents of this publication should not necessarily be taken to represent the views of the participating organisations. Acknowledgement : SmartSat acknowledges the contribution made by Jordan Plotnek and Professor Jill Sla y towards the authorship of this whitepaper. SmartSat Whitepaper | Satellite Cyber Resilience ii Executive Summary Contemporary cyber -attacks are increasing in frequency and sophistication with growing impacts such as large -scale privacy breaches, theft of intellectual property (I P), significant financial losses for businesses, and reputational damage. Cyber exploits can range from simplistic and opportunistic phishing campaigns to complex, covert and persistent attacks over time involving malicious actors with access to highly -skilled teams of hackers and advanced tools and resources. The rapid commercialisation of space, and increased ease and lowering costs associated with launching satellites into space, has resulted in global supply chains of privatised satellite networks for c ommercial and military purposes. The Internet of Things (IoT) and associated connectivity with satellite networks has also created numerous vulnerabilities, which raises questions of how contemporary cyber -attacks could potentially impact satellites and the space security domain. This whitepaper presents a novel Satellite Cyber Resilience Taxonomy derived from related contemporary space security and cyber -resilience literature. A taxonomy -guided research roadmap for SmartSat CRC is then proposed based on the identified literature gaps. The proposed research roadmap is based on four key satellite sub- systems: radio- link security ; space hardware security ; ground station security ; and operations security , which are then further segmented and discussed according to the satellite resilience taxonomy. Aims, Objectives & Impacts The key aim of this whitepaper is to provide a literature review and research roadmap for satellite cyber -security resilience , to scope a SmartSat CRC research agenda and meet Commonwealth Milestones 1.3, 2.2 and 3.1. Objectives for this whitepaper are: • Identification of any previous research and development ( R&D) activities that have been conducted in cyber -security and resilien ce of satellites • Critical research review of most appropriate research agenda and outcomes to meet Commonwealth milestones • Development of taxonomy for Satellite Cyber Resilience, including an understanding of Disaggregation, Distribution, Diversification, Deception, Protection and Proliferation; and • Determination of a suitable technical framework , within which satellite cybersecurity and resilience research may be carried out. Impacts that this whitepaper may have include: • Improved understanding of cyber -security and resilience in a satellite context • A common cyber -security taxonomy for CRC usage • A technical research agenda in cyber -