1 RESEARCH REPORT Military Movement: Risks from 5G Networks CCDCO E Tallinn 2022 2 About the author s This document is based on four unpublished individual reports ( see Introduction) which have been compiled into one holistic document by a dedicated task force. The task force was led by Civitta Estonia . The Civitta Estonia team was composed of Veeli Oeselg, Rokas Šalaševičius, Hendrik Ploom and Andreas Palm, and assisted by external experts Alar Kuusik, Tony Lawrence and Kadri Peeters. Acknowledg ement s The authors would like to thank the creators of the four base documents from Ericsson, TalTech, Nokia , and the International Centre for Defence and Security Estonia CCDCOE The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) is a NATO -accredited knowledge hub offering a unique interdisciplinary approach to the most relevant issues in cyber defence. The heart of the CCDCOE is a diverse group of international exper ts from military, government, academia , and industry, currently representing 35 sponsoring and contributing nations. The CCDCOE (also the Centre) maintains its position as an internationally recognised cyber defence hub, a premier source of subject -matter expert ise and a fundamental resource in the strategic, legal, operational , and technical aspects of cyber defence. The Centre offers thought leadership on the cutting edge of all aspects of cyber defence and provides a 360 -degree view of the sector. The Ce ntre encourages and supports the process of mainstreaming cybersecurity into NATO and national governance and capability, within its closely connected focus areas of technology, strategy, operations , and law. The Centre is staffed and financed by Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, North Macedonia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slov akia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States . The CCDCOE produces the Tallinn Manual , the most comprehensive guide for policy advis ers and legal experts on how international law applies to cyber operations carried out between and against states and non-state actors. Since 2010 , the Centre has organised Locked Shields, the biggest and most complex technical live -fire cyber defence challenge in the world . Each year, Locked Shields gives cybersecurity experts the opportunity to enhance their skills in defending national IT systems and critical infrastructure under real -time attacks. The focus is on realistic scenarios, cutting -edge technologies , and simulating the entire complexity of a mass ive cyber incident, including strategic decision -making and legal and communication aspects. The CCDCOE hosts the International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon, a unique annual event in Tallinn, bringing together key experts and decision makers from the global cyber defence community. The conference, which has taken place in Tallinn since 2009 , attracts more than 600 participants each spring . The CCDCOE is responsible for identifying and coordinating education and training solutions in the field of cyber defence operations for all NATO bodies across the Alliance. NATO -accredited centres of exce llence are not part of the NATO Command Structure. www.ccdcoe.org publicati [email protected] 3 Disclaimer This publication is a product of the CCDCOE. It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of the Centre or NATO. The Centre may not be held responsible for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication and is not responsible for the content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. Digit al or hard copies of this publication