ICS 65.020.20 CCS B 35 湖 DB43 南 省 地 方 标 准 DB43/T 1899—2020 果园免耕生草栽培技术规程 Cultivation technical rules of no-tillage grass in orchard 2020-12-29发布 湖南省市场监督管理局 2021-03-29实施 发 布 DB43/T 1899—2020 目 次 前言························································································································ Ⅲ 1 范围 ····················································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ······································································································ 1 3 术语和定义 ············································································································ 1 4 免耕定植 ··············································································································· 2 4.1 果园选址与前期建设 ·························································································· 2 4.2 挖定植穴 ········································································································· 2 4.3 施底肥 ············································································································ 2 4.4 定植 ··············································································································· 2 5 定植后管理 ············································································································ 2 5.1 免耕栽培 ········································································································· 2 5.2 生草栽培 ········································································································· 2 5.3 肥水管理 ········································································································· 3 5.4 防治病虫害 ······································································································ 4 6 田间档案 ··············································································································· 4 6.1 生产操作记载档案 ····························································································· 4 6.2 投入品使用档案 ································································································ 4 6.3 物候期记载档案 ································································································ 4 附录 A（资料性） 适宜人工生草草种的生物学特征 ··························································· 5 附录 B（资料性） 适宜人工生草草种的建植与管理方法 ····················································· 6 附录 C（规范性） 田间档案记载表 ················································································ 7 I DB43/T 1899—2020 II DB43/T 1899—2020 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020 给出的规则起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利，本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由农业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件主要起草单位：湖南省农业科学院。 本文件主要起草人：熊继东、柏连阳、文吉辉、程菊娥、龙菊花、石梅、章宜、李洁、李袓任、马 国兰。 III DB43/T 1899—2020 IV DB43/T 1899—2020 果园免耕生草栽培技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了各种果园免耕生草栽培技术的的建园和定植、定植后管理、田间档案等内容。 本文件适用于湖南省果园免耕生草栽培。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB/T 8321 农药合理使用准则 NY/T 496 肥料合理使用准则通则 NY/T 2798.4 无公害农产品生产质量安全控制技术规范 第四部分水果 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 果园的草 Grass in orchard 泛指果园里果树以外的植物。包括自然生长的或人工种植的。 3.2 果园自然生草 Natural grass in orchard 除清除竞争力强的，如缠绕攀沿性的葎草、萝藦、莬丝子、牵牛花等，或妨碍操作的, 如带刺的植 物。让其它草生长，当这些草株高长至遮挡果树光照时及时采用人工或割草机刈割控制，使这些草生长 不遮挡果树光照。对这些草进行合理调控，达到这些草的生长能产生改良土壤和提高抗旱、爽水能力等 系列好处。进而促进果树生长的一种果园管理措施。 3.3 果园免耕栽培 No tillage cultivation in orchard 果园免耕栽培分苗前免耕栽培和苗后的幼苗期、成龄期免耕栽培，苗前免耕栽培在果园建园时不全 垦荒、不挖过大的定植穴（或定植沟） ，尽量不破坏土壤的自然结构与层次、不造成水土流失的定植方 式， 为有利于定植后约两年在定植穴处盖膜防草, 和防定植穴积水与提高定植穴位置来提高抑草能力， 可适当把修工作道的表土层移到定植穴处拢堆。苗后免耕栽培是指对果园土壤不进行耕翻、中耕、冬挖 等作业的栽培方式，以达到保护土壤、防止水土流失和促进果树生长的目的。免耕栽培施肥采用挖施肥 穴（沟）施用。 3.4 果园免耕生草栽培 No tillage and grass growing cultivation in orchard 果园免耕生草栽培是指既要免耕，又要长草；既要让草长好的，还要合理调控的栽培管理形式。生 1 DB43/T 1899—2020 草分免耕自然生草管理和免耕人工种草管理。免耕人工种草是不耕地，免耕撒播或仅开播种沟（穴） ） 种植非原生草种或绿肥作物，果园原有的草可用或不用除草剂杀死。 4 免耕定植 4.1 果园选址与前期建设 4.1.1 选址应符合 NY/T 2798.4 的相关要求。 4.1.2 前期建设应： a） 修建好工作主次干道。 b） 开始培育防护林，修建围墙（栏）。 c） 建设蓄力与排水灌设施。 d） 砍伐高大植被，尽量少动土壤，避免水土流失，树枝落叶不焚烧，用于覆盖土表，保护与培 肥土壤。 4.2 挖定植穴 4.2.1 按该果树适宜密度确定定植穴。 4.2.2 将定植穴周围约 1 ㎡范围的植被地上部割掉，也把会发苗的根蔸全部挖出，防这些地下根蔸再 发苗影响果苗生长。 4.2.3 适当把修工作道的表土层移到定植穴处拢堆，以利于在定植穴处盖膜防草, 和防定植穴积水与 提高定植穴位置来提高抑草能力。 2 4.2.4 定植穴挖的深度确定除能把定植穴周围约 1m 范围内原植被会再发苗的地下部根蔸挖出外，还 能把果根系合理摆放在穴内即可。不要挖得过深，避免把深层不肥沃的土壤带到上层和过多破坏土壤层 次、结构。 4.3 施底肥 定植穴尽量多施腐熟的土杂肥，一般每穴 10 公斤以上，以促进果树快速健壮生长。如无腐熟的土 杂肥，离根系 2 寸远施有机肥和磷钾肥，商品有机肥约 100 公斤/亩，钙镁磷肥约 25 公斤/亩，钾肥约 10 公斤/亩。施肥符合 NY/T 496 肥料合理使用准则通则的相关规定。 4.4 定植 4.4.1 选用健壮果苗，严格检